The Pin Factory - 1106 Words

What are the reasons that hierarchies emerge in organizations? What about the roles and the nature of this emergence? Does this aid in structuring these organizations/work areas? In this essay, I will be relating the description of activities that take place in an early industrial pin factory from Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations to the organizing and structuring of work. The relation will be described done by examining the division and specialization of labour, requirements that lead to the need for coordination, Horizontal and Vertical Differentiation required for coordination and how structure/hierarchy arises and if it is in fact needed. We can see that through the division and specialization of labour that Adam Smith’s pin factory†¦show more content†¦Just as the pin factory example showed, the one task of creating a pin was broken down into multiple roles/subunits (Horizontal Differentiation) and just as these tasks can be simplified and more efficient by dividing them into roles and subunits, they need to people coordinate them. These people can range from a simple manager of a subunit, all the way to the owner of the organization, creating an organizational hierarchy (Vertical Differentiation). When these processes and forms of coordination work together, this is what drives the building of the organization as a whole. The extent of which is determined by the organizations structure. Structure and hierarchy come from how work and the work processes are coordinated together and relating how tasks and coordination of these tasks is to be obtained. When determining the authority in the structure of an organization, there are two major options, centralized and decentralized. A centralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions is retained by managers at the top of the created hierarchy whereas a decentralized organizational setup is where the authority to make important decisions about organizational resources and to initiate new projects is delegated to managers at all levels in the hierarchy. Each choice is made based upon the main goal/task of the organization and what would better fit the organization. Whether work/theShow MoreRelatedTheories of Frederick Taylor and Adam Smith Public Administration966 Words   |  4 Pagesby a description of work in a pin factory: he argues that the factory with the workers who are devised into s eparate tasks of pin making such as One man draws out the wire, another straights it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head; to make the head requires two or three distinct operations; to put it on, is a particular business, to whiten the pins is another makes a significantly larger amounts of pins when compared to the factory where one worker carries outRead MoreTrade Policies For National Enrichment845 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of Mercantilism In his Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith proposes trade policies for national enrichment, but his suggestions may actually limit the earning potential of nations. Using examples such as the pin factory, Smith clearly demonstrates that dividing labor roles among people increases efficiency. The specialization of each member allows the aggregate wealth of a nation to increase because each member took home a part of a much greater quantity of products manufactured. By thatRead MoreChapters Take Away1283 Words   |  6 Pagesmanufacturers are attempting to catch up. LECTURE OUTLINE I. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY †¢ As the industrial revolution swept through Europe and America, owners and managers of new factories found themselves unprepared for the challenges accompanying the change from small scale crafts production to large factories in which goods were made by sophisticated machines. †¢ Bosses began to search for new techniques to manage their organization’s resources, with emphasis placed on ways to increaseRead MoreSmith s Vision : Division Of Labor1330 Words   |  6 Pagesand in the workplace. Through the examples of a hypothetical pre-modern arrow-maker (16) and pin-makers from his own time (7), Smith presents the ever-increasing specialization within the workforce as a natural progression of the early division of society by profession. However, in his explanation of the division of labor, Smith falls short in establishing the factor of self interest in the example of the pin-maker, thus somewhat undermining the consistency of his theories on the division of labor.Read More The Wealth of Nations Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber of tasks that were each alloted, as specialisations, to individual workers. Smith suggested that a pin factory that had adopted such a quot;division of labourquot; might produce tens of thousands of pins a day where as a pin factory in which each worker attempted to produce pins, from start to finish, by performing all the tasks associated with pin production would produce very few pins. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In an outline that seems to prefigure Karl Marx quot;materialist conceptionRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During Mid 19th Century843 Words   |  4 Pagesthe development of science and industry, however; there were social consequences due to that expeditious progression as it did not necessarily influence the quality of life in a positive manner. The rapid development of cities and the growth of factories and mills gave rise to large slum populations, hence, resulting in serious concerns for the health of the society as it was towards a damaging decline. The architecture of these cities was transforming and adapting itself in order to meet the needsRead MoreHow Natural Harmony Was A Key Characteristic Of Economic Growth Through Capitalism1422 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits of these divisions of labour were demonstrated by Smith through the ‘pin factory’ model in which he described the 18 step process of producing a pin, but when visiting a pin factory he discovered that through the division of labour, just ten men were employed and produced 48,000 pins a day, which would be impossible had the ten employees performed all 18 steps themselves, resulting in an output of just 10-20 pins. This supports the idea put forward by Sarkey et al that specialisation is instrumentalRead MoreAdam Smith s Economic Philosophy1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe final product is complete. An example of this would be the use of an assembly line while making pins, as Smith mentions in his book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Smith explains that the larger pin manufacture he saw with many workers, was more efficient than the small manufacture of only ten employed workers who could make â€Å"upwards of forty-eight thousand pins in a day† (Smith, 4). Smith then goes on to explain that, â€Å"But if they had all wrought separately andRead MoreThe Shaping Of The Modern World Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagesma chines, factory owners were in high demand of products and workers were worked even more. One can argue that since the industrial revolution brought machines to make mass productions easier why were workers working longer shifts? ​ According to the Sadler Report of the House of Commons, an interview done by Esquire, Matthew Crabtree; an ex textile factory worker, gave an insight to things that was driving the capitalism economic market (Reily n.d.). Crabtree started working in the textile factory at ageRead MoreCareer Mothers of the 1950s936 Words   |  4 Pageswomen worked in factories which boosted industrialization at the beginning of the century. They were soon involved in sweatshops where they worked in tenement rooms with very horrible conditions and very low pay. These sweatshops came around because bosses sweated the workers by making them work longer hours for less pay. Women would usually work around fifty-six to fifty-nine hours per week and sometimes into the weekend with no overtime pay. The employment of women in factories began to decline

Religion in Latin America; the Age of Discovery and...

Religion played a big role in shaping the values, attitudes, and conduct of the Spanish during the Age of Discovery and Conquest (1492-1579). The colonial church provided control and a standard of conduct and living for the new world. In fact, the colonial church had even more power in Spanish America then it did in Spain. Why this is important though, is because it limited the possibility of rebellion and opposition. As long as the church was in place, there was Spanish order, and as long as there was Spanish order, the colonization process could continue to run smoothly and prosper. Nurtured by the crown, the colonial church thrived. Its main priorities were to convert the Indians, and to theoretically justify the Iberian presence in†¦show more content†¦The conversion process did not go on without a hitch though, throughout the new world missionaries had many obstacles to overcome. The first problem they ran into was the vast number of native languages they encountered. A nother is the scattered geographical locations of many tribes, because there wasn’t an easy pattern to follow, Christianity and conversion could not spread as rapidly as they would’ve liked it to. A third way in which the conversion was more difficult than intended, was when they came across native religions that shared some of the same beliefs, although it helped that some basic ideologies were already in place, it was much harder for Christianity to be seen as new and unique. Unlike the original settlers, evangelicals who traveled to convert did not show the same respect for the indigenous g-ds; the Christian g-d was to stand alone. The native religions were destructed very systematically; natives who practiced their religions instead of converting were also prosecuted, and many times by the priests themselves. In these areas of evangelical settlers who would conquest throughout Latin America, laws were even put in place to ensure the practicing of Christianity. As d eclared by Prudence, the law dictated that â€Å"Natives, whatever their private beliefs, publicly comply with their conqueror’s religion† (Burkholder Johnson 109). So much for separation of church and state- in the Age of Discovery and Conquest,

Study of inclusive learning analysis Free Essays

Lord Sandy Leitch was commissioned by the authorities in 2004 to transport out an independent reappraisal of the long-run accomplishments that the United Kingdom would necessitate to accomplish maximal growing, productiveness and societal justness by 2020. The reappraisal identified that the UK was dawdling behind in the accomplishments market compared to other states such as USA, Canada and South Korea. This is mostly due to the fact that in the past chances to derive accomplishments has been elitist in that merely those who can afford to come on educationally to derive accomplishments have done so, this has meant that people have non been given the chances to make their full potency. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of inclusive learning analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now More than a 3rd of working grownups have non achieved even the basic makings ensuing in a big proportion lacking in basic accomplishments – numeracy and literacy. The imperativeness release from the authorities summarises the Leitch study as saying that out of 30 Organisation for economic co-operation and development ( OECD ) states, the UK is 17th on low accomplishments, 20th on intermediate accomplishments and 11th on high accomplishments. Five million grownups in the UK lack functional literacy which is represented as a degree 1 making and 17 million grownups have trouble with Numberss. It besides stated that more than one in six immature people leave school unable to read, compose or add up decently. A extremely skilled work force is indispensable to the state ‘s economic growing to enable it to run into the demands of the consumer. The benefits for the person will intend higher incomes and raise aspirations, for employers it a greater accent on vocational accomplishments Lord Leitch concludes: â€Å" Skills were one time a cardinal lever for prosperity and equity. Skills are now progressively the cardinal lever. † Sir Andrew Foster was asked to transport out a reappraisal of the future function of Further Education colleges in 2004. The reappraisal identified that some strengths within his study such as a committed and professional work force, a strong committedness to inclusion, a diverseness of classs already provided. On the other manus many failings were highlighted such as jobs with the degree of makings and accomplishments, image A ; repute through underperformance although this was pointed out that it merely affected 4 % of the proviso, conflicts between FE colleges, the LSC and the DfES, there were excessively many organic structures inspecting, reding and regulation and excessively many pupils do non accomplish the making on the class that they enrol, in drumhead that they are non gaining their full potency. The recommendations were to hold a greater accent on vocational classs, those that end with a making so that they can be used within the work force. Local employers need to be consulted on what skills they require their work force to hold so that the classs offered are relevant to the local community. Another recommendation is that any reviews should hold a lighter attack ; colleges should non being inundated with inspectors. Colleges need to work within the community to offer indispensable accomplishments by supplying outreach to those that would non be able to entree the college, guaranting inclusion. Students should have impartial advice from colleges with respect to classs that suit them and non the college. More establishments schools, colleges, voluntary administrations, support administrations and Higher Education constitutions should all work with each other for the benefit of the scholars and the employers. As with the Leitch reappraisal these recommendations will take clip, support and attempt from all involved. The LSC has undergone major alterations through the ‘Agenda for Change ‘ plan which supports the recommendations in the Foster study in run intoing the work force accomplishments in the employment sector, by support classs that have vocational makings. As a consequence of the Leitch reappraisal the Government made a recommendation that all childcarers hold the lower limit of a current degree 3 certification in early old ages. In order to accomplish this they can use for support through the ‘Transformation Fund ‘ which was set up by the Government as portion of ‘Choice for parents, the best start for kids: a 10 twelvemonth scheme for child care. This gives parents a greater pick about returning to work and guaranting that their child care demands are met. Mentions Reece A ; Walker ( 2000 ) Teaching, Training and Learning: A Practical Guide, Business Education Publishers Ltd Smith, M. K. ( 2001 ) ‘Donald Schon: acquisition, contemplation and alteration ‘ , the encyclopaedia of informal instruction, www.infed.org/thinkers/et-schon.htm accessed on 26th October 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/newsroom_and_speeches/press/2006/press_leitch.cfm accessed on 21st October 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/newsroom_and_speeches/press/2006/press_leitch.cfm accessed on 21st October 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance accessed on 25th October 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_Professional_Development accessed on 26th October 2007 Provide infusions from their on-going brooding acquisition diary which will analyze and measure: Their apprehension of the rules and procedures of rating including its function in quality confidence. ‘Evaluation is the procedure of roll uping and/or utilizing information for the intents of finding the value and worth-whileness of the topic of the rating procedure ‘ ( Birley A ; Morel 1998 ) . Evaluation involves the systematic finding of the quality, value or importance of things. In the context of the third instruction reforms, the acceptance of an appraising attack means a direct focal point on ‘valued results ‘ and ‘key lending procedures ‘ . It is of import that the elements of the rating model are clearly identified and that the model and elements are consistent and practical. A important facet of the third reforms is that a common model for quality confidence will use across the sector. There will, nevertheless, be fluctuations in the appraising methods, tools and attacks used in sub-sectors. The purpose is to hold a flexible attack, antiphonal to the demands of the sub-sector, without compromising the unity and utility of the overall rating procedure and findings. Principles and cardinal characteristics of self-assessment and external rating and reappraisal are reciprocally reenforcing and support improved results for scholars. The cardinal characteristics provide illustrations of what the rules could look like in pattern. Evaluation inquiries guide the way and purpose of the rating procedure. ( Evaluation inquiries are open-ended inquiries about quality, value or importance, for illustration: How effectual is the learning? How good do programmes and activities meet the demands and aspirations of scholars? ) Evaluation indexs identify the ‘valued results ‘ and the ‘key procedures ‘ likely to lend to them, every bit good as placing what the grounds for these might look like. They besides signal possible causal relationships. Evaluation indexs are supported by research, and sector and bureau experience, about what works. This paper deals specifically with the first component of the model – the rules. There will be audience on the other elements as work progresses in these countries. Overarching rules of new quality confidence The undermentioned rules underpin the new attack to quality confidence. 1. The primary duty for quality and betterment prevarications with single TEOs. Therefore self-assessment should be embedded in TEOs ‘ modus operandi planning, operational and concern activities. 2. It is intended that the rating model provides a common footing for quality confidence across the third sector. 3. The focal point for quality confidence will be on the quality of larning which is considered to be the combined consequence of the quality of the acquisition experience ( including learning ) and the value of the results achieved. This is illustrated in Figure 2. The quality of the acquisition experience The quality of larning = + The value of the results achieved Figure 2 – The focal point on acquisition and instruction 4. While concentrating on the quality of acquisition, conformity with the regulative agreements remains of import. TEOs will still be required to show that they comply with relevant statute law and ordinances. Figure 3 shows the relationship between results, cardinal procedures act uponing results and conformity with the regulative agreements. The methods of accomplishing desired results vary depending on context. There is no ‘one right manner ‘ and TEOs are encouraged to be advanced and flexible in response to local fortunes, within the restraints of the regulative agreements. Results Evidence of TEO part to: scholar results ( accomplishment and advancement ) TEO degree results system degree results Conformity with Regulatory Agreements Evidence of TEOs run intoing legislative and regulative demands Key Processes Influencing Outcomes Evidence of TEO internal systems and procedures for: demands designation at scholar, employer, regional and national degrees quality betterment ( sing grounds of both procedure and result ) Figure 3: The relationship between results, cardinal procedures and conformity 5. The quality confidence system will recognize and reflect the typical parts of TEOs including specific acknowledgment of the nature and functions of MA?ori suppliers such as wA?nanga. A This means that within the rating model there will be different tools and procedures developed for different types of TEOs. It is intended that the new quality confidence system will back up the overall construct of high trust and high answerability. There is besides an outlook that those facets of the current system that are already working good will be retained and enhanced. It is intended that TEOs can go on to utilize their ain systems and processes where these back up the purposes of the move to an rating methodological analysis. The undermentioned subdivisions outline in more item the rules of the self-assessment, and external rating and reappraisal constituents of quality confidence. Self-assessment ‘Self-assessment ‘ ( or ‘self-evaluation ‘ or ‘self-review ‘ ) here refers to the procedures a TEO uses to set up grounds of its ain effectivity. The consequences of this procedure can so inform hereafter planning, supply grounds to inform decision-making, and contribute to the actions taken to convey about betterment. Self-assessment is non limited to a one-off appraising exercising prior to external reappraisal. Self-assessment involves an administration consistently measuring how good it: programs and manages, based on sound information and professional determination devising ; determines and responds to stakeholder demands attracts scholars because of the quality of the instruction and the quality of the programmes provided gets scholars on the right tract to win manages the acquisition and appraisal procedure analyses scholar and other stakeholder results, including the valued added, and utilize this honest and crystalline analysis to inform future programme design and bringing determines the relevancy of programmes to stakeholder demands Ensures that learners advancement to relevant and purposeful finishs. Their ain application of rating procedures, working with others and their usage of informations and other feedback for rating. Embedded equality of chance and regard for diverseness within your instruction and acquisition patterns. Analyze the impact of ain professional values and opinions on instruction and acquisition. How to cite Study of inclusive learning analysis, Essay examples

Business Sustainability New Strategic Thinking for Business

Question: Discuss about the Business Sustainability for New Strategic Thinking for Business? Answer: The shareholders are one of the main financial support system of any organization. In terms of sustainable supply chain management, it includes some significant factors of an organization which have some difference with normal supply chain management. Customer satisfaction plays a vital role in order to sustain in this competitive market but supply chain management does not conclude competition (Eweje and Perry, 2011). Apart from that the common SSCM practice includes some economic, social and environmental issues which influence the relationship between SSCM and stakeholders. However, with the help of active workforce an organization can achieve its desired objectives (Thiele, 2013). On the other hand, the SSCM also provides benefits to different stakeholders of an organization. For example, the investors can earn profits through regular sales and customers get satisfaction through active service. Moreover, if an organization conducts a proper SSCM practice then shareholders can get regular profit, social and environmental responsibility also covered and customers feel satisfied with active delivery service (Kopnina, 2015). References Eweje, G. and Perry, M. (2011). Business and sustainability. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group. Kopnina, H. (2015). Sustainability: new strategic thinking for business. Environ Dev Sustain. Thiele, L. (2013). Sustainability. Cambridge: Polity.

Looking jellyfish Review Essay Example

Looking jellyfish Review Paper Essay on Looking jellyfish Melchiors voice again sounds in the night, muffled responding in the trees, lost in the autumn mist, calming down in the cool of the morning. Its his last song. Next spring, we no longer hear the good old Melchior, an ancient inhabitant and guardian of these places, the quiet genius of the street Weeping Willows and I think he knows it. Therefore, trying to singing sobbing, straining to their inability frog cheeks, as if mourning the little girl, as if performed a requiem for her carefree childhood This book came into my hands almost by accident. In a study of one of the bookstores my attention blue spine with an ominous sign Looking jellyfish. Do not be a book familiar to all other books of the publishing house Amphora format, I most likely it would not have bothered to leaf through it. But a series of books published in the early 2000s, the publishing house Amphora with the support of OM magazine snickala to him my confidence and interest. The successful combination of price and quality has left no doubt that the book should be enough. As it turned out, I did not lost. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking jellyfish Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking jellyfish Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking jellyfish Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer From the first pages awaited me acquainted with a girl named Lucy. She was only 8 years old and yet she is very happy. She has a best friend a naive dreamer and future astronomer Lou Fe, she has a mom and dad, handsome older brother and funny family. The writer has furnished the world with their little heroine to match her cheerful, inquisitive and creative nature. During the first 70 pages of Lucy enjoys life and is ready to move into their new room, without even knowing that this room will soon become her nightly torture chamber. On the 80th page of the world of her childhood falls. Readers probably now realized the horror in the style of the King, where the little girl in the night beset the sinister ghosts and otherworldly forces. But I hasten to disappoint someone, and someone on the other hand, good news, the book thoroughly realistic, except that shaped the authors language gives it a slight tint of mystic legends, no more. All the characters of flesh and blood, they are all human beings, and from that their vices have no boundaries Leading the narrative, the author often uses figurative language -. The language of fluttering butterflies and buzzing bees, language sunlight blooming poppies, language marsh creatures and gravestones. Sometimes an abundance of metaphors and imagery begins to waft boredom or annoy. But then you realize that in a different way and it would be possible to describe everything I wanted to tell us Sylvie Germain. Or you can, but only on dry forensic language, as is done in the chronicles of criminal news and reports Unit on Duty. But in this case the book would lose any artistic value, the reader immediately dipped into the mud. The author, I believe, intentionally tried to avoid this-pointing nose, softening the story thin pastel strokes and watercolor sketches, and, where necessary, shaped means emphasized the depth of character experiences and creating an atmosphere of hopelessness about her situation. was not possible to pass on to another, and especially attitude of a little girl in the head which are intertwined fragments of memories, memories of the tales of myths, their own fantasies and dreams. Therefore, the language of the book close children the language. The fact that adults do not say directly, children learn from observing them, or to conjecture themselves. And author sometimes writes evasively, allowing the reader as to the child to invent the missing parts of the narrative alone detailing the world of his little heroine, the writer does not forget to draw the character of each of the adult heroes.. Lucys mother, father, older brother each of them is worth its tragedy, its own history, its own chain of skeletons in the closet. It is only through an appeal to the past of each character can better understand its current warehouse soul The book Sylvie Germain -. It is a real work of art for the benefit of those who deal with sexual abuse of children and provides them with psychological or medical assistance. Without using any special term, no stranger to the reader a word, the writer was able to very subtly and psychologically competently convey the state and the attitude of the child who fell into a trap pedophile. For three years he tormented at night the girls body, and in the afternoon, as if nothing had happened, perfectly played its role, clever brother. In all that time, dramatic changes occur in the character of the little heroine. She withdraws into himself, moving away from loved ones, even from his best friend Lou Fe, angry with the whole world, it loses all children and grown-kosteneet. Alone little girl bears the burden of dark secrets, trusting only her tombstone of his contemporaries and swamp creatures inhabiting the forest. It burns with hatred for his abuser and to his mother, blinded by love for his eldest son and did not want to notice. To my body, which once led to her room this ogre, and which is now permeated with his scent, saliva, traces of his hands. By itself for something that can not solve the mystery and to punish the offender. It will need great courage and years and years of life to cope with the fierce hatred and bring peace to your soul. This long and difficult path to itself after a deep, unhealed wounds caused by one of the people close to you, and is dedicated to the book jellyfish look ».

Sun Yat-Sen essays

Sun Yat-Sen essays Sun Yat-Sen helped the growth of Nationalism during the early 20th century. After experiencing and studying in Hawaii, he got a taste of what the western world was like. Sun wanted to help westernize China to keep up with the worlds technology and economy. His goal was to nationalize China. He also wanted to aid in reforming the social problems China was facing. He started groups to revolutionize China and overthrow the rule of the Qing dynasty. Sun Yat-Sen traveled all over the world to hide from the officials of the Qing dynasty and to gain funds for his Chinese Revolutionary Army. In 1911, the revolution occurred and Sun became the president of The Republic of China. He was mainly interested in, integrating ethnic minorities, enhancing welfare needs of the poor, promoting womens rights, and opposing the archaic practice of footbinding. Yet, Sun was unsuccessful with his dreams for China, he did some writing for a democratic, government. He had three principles that he wanted his followers to carry on after he died. The three principles consisted of Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood. Sun was important in the 20th century for his work in trying to incorporate colonialism and imperialism in his China. Suns plans were implemented in Taiwan and credit was given to him for his three principles. Though it was not implemented in China, China is now considering applying Suns three principles to unify China. ...

The New Deal and Opportunities in the World Wars Assignment

The New Deal and Opportunities in the World Wars - Assignment Example As the paper outlines, the New Deal’s biggest achievement was restoring faith in American democracy in a time when there was very little if any, faith when people thought that they could only turn to communism or fascism. The greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to bring full recovery to the economy. The New Deal set out to finish the work of progressivism but succeeded in more than it had been planned to. It would not be considered an actual revival, but something even greater than what it had been before.  Many accomplishments brought on by the New Deal owed much to the Progressive movement. Even so, progressivism also brought along many major events and changes by itself, without the need of the New Deal. The New Deal merely finished the work of progressivism and made a few changes of its own, such as the unfair civil welfare practices that the progressive era brought being noticed and eliminated. Without progressivism, the New Deal would have never come int o existence. While separate, they are each a branch of the other.  The changes that took place during the progressive era and the New Deal, when compared to the events and changes that took place in the 1920s, only set up a foundation for what was to take place during the 1920s. Historians refer to progressivism as an influential social movement that started in the later 1800s and came to an end with the United States entering into the first World War. Progressivism succeeded in many things; some of these things concerned state and national income tax, minimum wage laws, increased business regulation, and the creation of the Federal Reserve System. One of the biggest successions of progressivism was the passing of antitrust laws, broke up numerous trusts and set things in the right direction for future prosperity. This was passed because huge businesses were heightening up their prices and monopolizing the economy. With these laws passed, the economy was able to be at a more avera ge and solid rate.

Practice with Enterprise Architecture (EA) Principles Assignment

Practice with Enterprise Architecture (EA) Principles - Assignment Example Because the business principle is focusing on customers then the data sub-architecture is affected. Changing the business principle to elimination of channel barriers in distribution is essential because it affects not only the front end activities like shopping options but also back-end systems that allow order execution while controlling inventory flow. The data sub-architectures in the retail store’s EA would be influenced by the rationale as well as the implications of the principle. The information offered by the principle facilitates its acceptance and supports its application in data-substructures through justification of the rationale within the principle. Data sub-architectures in the retail store are influenced by the new principle because architectural principles in EA aim at capturing the fundamental truth regarding the way the enterprise uses and deploys information technology resources (Minoli, 2008). Because the business principle changed to focus on elimination of channel barriers in distribution, then data sub-architecture would need to

Political Parties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political Parties - Essay Example As we may notice, Republicans and Democrats seem to uphold comparable ideals when the interest of the American population as a whole is concerned, only that they do not share the same opinion as to who are most appropriate to be bestowed the right of governance. Upon declaration of the winning candidates in an election, cries of deception are hardly evident unlike in some countries where political parties exist in multitude and demonstrate hostility against one another. There is more assurance to a majority consensus given the fact that there are only two options available and a â€Å"clear-cut choice between groups standing for opposing policies.†4 If there are other parties, then elected officials do not necessarily get majority of the votes; thus, what came about is not to be considered national unity. Another reason that gives favor to the two-party competition lies in the conviction that it is â€Å"the simplest and likeliest way to have an effective democratic governmen t.†5 In a country that upholds democracy, all citizens are granted equal share in the decisions that affect their lives. There is no point making a choice when there is no sufficient information to serve as a common ground. In the presence of many prospective governing groups, people can have a hard time monitoring qualifications, performances, and credibility among aspects that must be look into before a ballot is filled out. In a country as large and varied as the United States, a multi-party system would be likely to produce paralysis of government at the national level.†6 Similarly, the ruling party is openly held accountable for overseeing the government7; that should incumbent officials fail in their undertakings or rather fall short of expectations, they are bound to devise approaches that can ameliorate the situation. In this case, it is safe to assume that the general welfare is put on top priority and corruption, although not completely brought to an end, is at least kept to a minimal degree. People will simply go the other direction in the instance of dissatisfaction, and this is what the party in power works hard to avoid. The other party serving as its critic is compelled to instigate remonstrations when dishonesty in the service is observed. They keep a watchful eye on proceedings that do not coincide with the constitutional provisions, and needless to say, hope for a better political standing in the future. In result, power is dispersed accordingly, and any attempt to replace the democratic structure of the government is constantly impeded. The absence of monarchists and Marxists as real choices in most American elections seems an acceptable price for the advantages of the two-party system.†8 The United States is a country of liberalism—a government of the people, by the people, and for the people. A form of power that is vested upon a single person by birthright9, and the principle that actions and human institutions ar e economically determined10 will only lead to insurrections from the citizens who believe that

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning A RESEARCH PAPER  ON  RESEARCH ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TASK-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING 1. INTRODUCTION It is well known that our life is extremely affected by technology, and technology plays an important role in language learning. With the spread and development of English around the world, English is used as a second language. This paper studies on the use of technology in task-based for learning English as a foreign language (EFL). A task is defined by Jane Willis (1996) an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative goal so as to succeed a result. The learners start with the task. Task is used as a symbol for different activities including grammar exercises, practice activities and role plays. Tasks may involve solving a word problem, creating a crossword puzzle, making a video, preparing a presentation or drawing a plan. According to Rod Ellis (2007), ‘Task’ which has four main characteristics: à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¢ Task involves a primary focus on (pragmatic) meaning.à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¢ Task has some kind of ‘gap’.à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¢ The participants choose the linguistic resources needed to complete the task.à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¢ Task has a clearly defined outcome. Task based learning is a different method to learn languages. Task-based learning emphasizes the main role of meaning in language use. Skehan (1998) implies that meaning is primary in task-based learning †¦the assessment of the task is in terms of result and that TBL is not ‘concerned with language display’ (98). In the task-based learning, the tasks show basic the learning activity. As cited by Prabhu (1987), students can learn more efficiently when their minds are headed towards on the task, sooner than on the language they are using. Doughty, Long (2003) and Willis (1996) assert that Task-based language learning (TBLL) method supports discussion of meaning using ‘meaning-focused’ and ‘communicative’ task completed activities and gives students the chance to practice language extensively within a meaningful context, attractive students in the ‘authentic,’ ‘pragmatic, and contextual production of language’, where language production is not the aim but ‘the vehicle for attending task goals’ (p.25). In other words, TBL has the advantage of getting student to use his/her skills and can help the students learn language easily and effectively. Willis (1996) explains that the main events of the three phases in task-based learning: Pre-task can include brainstorming; ‘Introduction to topic and task:Teacher explores the topic with the class, highlights useful words and phrases, helps students understand task instructions and prepare.’ Task cycle shows us; ‘Task: Students do the task, in pairs or small groups. Teacher monitors from a distance. Planning: Students prepare to report to the whole class (orally or in writing) how they did the task, what they decided or discovered. Report: Some groups present their reports to the class, or exchange written reports and compares results.’ Language focus shows form and ask questions about language features; ‘Analysis: Students examine and discuss specific features of the text or transcript of the recording. Practice: Teacher conducts practice or new words, phrases and patterns occurring in the data, either during or after the analysis (p.38).’ TBLL provides some important benefits. Task based language learning (TBLL) has the benefit of getting the student to use her/his skills at her current level. Krahne (1987) said that ‘During the task the learners are allowed to use whatever language they want, focus entirely on the meaning of their message. This makes it closer to real life communicative situation, which is a way of bringing the real world into classroom TBL that involves real communication is necessary for language learning.’ Moreover, task-based language learning which helps to realize the language in context and to use it in condition in real life. Willis (1996) has also emphasised the importance of a real world for tasks. The aim of the task is to create a real goal for language use and provide a natural context for language study. It provides the language learner with an active role in participating and creating the events. TBLL offers more chances for the students to show their thinking through thei r movements so it contributes to progress by encouraging students to lesson. Furthermore, students are more success in the language they use. It presents cooperative support. Students can work together, so task-based increases students’ motivation for learning. Task-based learning can be very successful at intermediate levels. It is difficult to primary levels students. In spite of benefits of task-based learning, there are many disadvantages of task-based learning, such as: According to Skehan (1996), task-based learning comprehends some risks if fulfilled carelessly. Task-based learning requires a high level of creativity on the part of the teacher. For instance, If the teachers are limited to more traditional roles or do not have time and resources to device task-based learning this type of teaching maybe difficult. Evaluation of task-based learning can be difficult. ‘The nature of task-based learning prevents it from being measurable by some of the more restricted and traditional tests (Krahne 1987).’ The use of technology suggestions important advantages for task-based language learning and it plays a positive role in TBLL. Chapelle (2001), Gonzolez-Lloret (2003) said that ‘The arrival of information technology has improved the quality of many scientific disciplines, including some language education and learning through technology has become a real life’ (p.84). Technology has enormous effect in task-based language learning, as a resource for EFL and as a means for communication between the EFL students. In addition, TBLL provides the basic technology for supporting learners to obtain major communication skills in the English language. Each technological tool has its specific benefits and application with important of four language parts. These are speaking, listening, reading and writing. That is to say, Ybarra and Green (2003) indicate that students trying to learn English as a second language need additional language support. They need to practice in hearing lang uage, reading language, speaking language, and writing language so as to develop their experience and skills. I believe that students can learn easily and effectively with use of technology in task-based language learning. Technological tools which can be taken advantage of the task-based language learning. Task based learning is useful for moving the motivation of the learning process from the teach ­er to the student. It gives a different way of understanding language for the students. Because of this, the students can be a better learner. When the students are a better learner, they can motivate themselves and solve their problems. Thus, motivational factor is significant in one’s achievement. RESEARCH QUESTION 1- How can we explore the benefits of task-based language learning in EFL students?

College Admissions Essay - A Willingness to Overcome Differences

College Admissions Essay - A Willingness to Overcome Differences I have a fledgling friendship with Amalia, a Spanish speaking woman. Amalia is not fluent with english, and my Spanish is wobbly and crude. So we get together whenever possible to practice each other's native tongue, half an hour of Spanish, half an hour of English. When we first started meeting, I saw a forbidding wall of words that I thought had to come down if a bond of friendship was to grow. The words that bring me such exhilaration and such rousing exchanges of ideas in English turned ornery and cantankerous in Spanish. Talking to Amalia, I was careful to bring up topics that I thought my Spanish could handle without too many searches through the dictionary Amalia and I kept between us like a life vest we had to share. Despite that, I often found myself staring at a wall of words, stranded in a maze, with the right words eluding me, defying me, mocking me from where they hid. The words turned me into a blushing, stammering nitwit. I used exaggerated hand gestures and facial expressions. I got gender and number wrong much of the time, unaccustomed as I was to having to think about that in English. I was embarrassed by my strong American accent and by the mistakes I made. When I tried to tell Amalia that I had eaten fried eggs that morning, she had to gently tell me that I was referring to male anatomy. I referred to elderly people in a degrading way. When I thought I was calling a male friend "embarrassed," I was saying that he was "pregnant". Such is the wily nature of words. Still, I decided to earn my livelihood with words because I'm enamored of them, in awe of them. I'm usually a humble person near the bottom of the food chain, but words wield... ...a and I even though objects, ideas, and feelings are expressed with different words in our respective tongues. I learned that words aren't just representational, though they are that too, but that they can also be catalysts. They can influence human interaction, even when the thing they represent is not clear or, more to the point, at precisely that time. With Amalia and I, the words impelled us toward each other. The bond grew out of a mutual determination to knock down the language barrier, not from its having been diminished. Our act of tackling words signaled to each of us that the other was a person who wished barriers between people to be gone, not reinforced. We grew close because of the language barrier, not in spite of it. The edifice of words was the bond. I'd mistaken its true form. It wasn't a wall; it was a bridge. And now we've met in the middle.

Learning to read

Reading is one of the complex tasks accomplished by students. Paradoxically one can learn to read by reading. Reading is an interesting past time or hobby for those who like it. It broadens one’s knowledge. Letter’s in the books talk to the reader. Reading teaches a child many things. It may be good or it may be bad. It should be guided learning. Reading is a subtle and complex process that involves sensation, perception, comprehension, application, and integration. Reading is the magic key to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment. It is the basic tool for learning in all the subject areas. Reading is the process of making and getting from printed word symbols. Efficient reading is an active dialogue between author and reader. Reading can be one of man’s deepest pleasures. It enables man to ponder the mysteries of the world, explore accumulated knowledge, and contemplate the unknown. One significant point of learning to read is to understand how written language and oral language correspond. The English writing system is based on the alphabetic principle that written words are made up of letters that have approximate matches with the sounds heard in the words we speak. Therefore, to understand the alphabetic principle, one must recognize that spoken words consist of a sequence of sounds and this understanding is called phonemic awareness (McCormick, 1999). Phonemic awareness is not reading. It does not deal with alphabetical letters. It does not phonics. It does not replace the school’s reading program and it is not an all-out cure for reading problems (Kang, 19997). Phonemic awareness is recognizing sounds within words. It is the ability of the child to focus on sounds of words. It is an understanding that speech is composed of individual sounds called phonemes. Phoneme is the smallest unit of speech that carries a definite meaning when put together. The phonemic awareness task requires children to analyze, manipulate the units of speech rather than focus on meaning; and the reader’s task is to understand the relationship of the letter in the writing system to the phonemes in the language. Readers should also recognize that speech could be segmented into smaller units-the readers to become phonemically aware (Yopp, 1992). This gives children functional practice in phonemic segmentation or breaking a word down into component sounds. The four basic skills of Phonemic Awareness are rhyming sounds, blending sounds, matching sounds, and segmenting sounds. Such skills are the building blocks for reading. Therefore, in order to benefit from formal reading instruction, children must have a certain level of phonemic awareness.  Phonemic Awareness could be taught as early as kindergarten throughout kindergarten and into Grade I; to continue in Grades II and III and with those children who remain weak in reading. Kang (1997) suggests the following key points to keep in mind: 1. Skills should be taught in specific lessons. 2. Try to practice phonemic awareness about 10-15 minutes a day, three to four times a week. 3. The more consistent the lesson structure is, the more improvement you will observe in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   your young learners. 4. Regroup children upon getting to know their skills. Place in one group those who are successful in phonemic awareness and sustain their skills with lessons once a week. Phonemic awareness is a possible reason why many children struggle in reading (Rasinski & Padak, 2000). It is a fact that when we speak we only rarely pay conscious attention to the sound we make, rather we are simply concerned with getting our messages across. Therefore, the concept that words are made up of sounds is not necessarily an easy one for students to grasp. Phonemic awareness is not really critical to our purposes in spoken language but rather central in learning to read. A large body of research conducted in the U.S. and other countries indicate that one of the most significant coordinators between good and poor readers is poor readers’ lack of phonemic awareness (McCormick, 1999). This holds true regardless of the intelligence level of socioeconomic status of the students. On the strength of this research, there is little doubt that lack of phonemic awareness is a cause of reading disabilities in a large portion of students whose difficulties lie with word recognition. Research studies indicate that one aid to the development of adequate phonemic awareness occurs when young children listen to storybooks read aloud by their parents, an advantage enjoyed by some children, but not all. Others suggest that good or poor phonemic awareness may have a genetic origin. Direct evidence indicates that lack of phonemic awareness is a major cause of word identification difficulties. Likewise, phonemic awareness permits students to use letter-sound correspondences, employ phonemic strategies and identify unknown words more quickly. It also may have a bearing on whole word learning. In addition, it is a prerequisite to spelling and writing, which also require hearing (McCormick, 1999). Further research has shown that phonemic awareness is a more powerful determiner than intelligence in predicting whether students will succeed in reading and also a stronger predictor of â€Å"general† language proficiency (McCormick, 1999) and a very powerful predictor of later reading achievement (Griffith, et al., 1992). Phonemic awareness is now viewed as a critical variable in emergent literacy and beginning reading acquisition (McCormick, 1999). Recognizing that, words can be broken down into phonemes and syllables, and being able to manipulate these, has a high correlation with reading achievement. Thus, it is a central factor in learning to read and a prerequisite in learning to read. Irregularities of English demand careful handling to avoid confusion. Regular spelling should be presented in the early stages before teaching words with semi-irregular patterns like cake, bread, etc. and those with complete irregularities forms such as cough, bough. This may be another complete lesson for the actual reading phase after learning the letter shapes and names. Eventually, with increasing speed, the child works through the page of the teaching materials. In the schools, reading as a subject should be given emphasis for it is the springboard in learning other areas. Learning reading is open to a lot of words for children. Early childhood cognitive development will not develop the building blocks of language for children, unless parents know the importance of good reading. Children, whose parents are not aware that reading plays a role in the child’s development, are not disposed to learn reading. Their opportunities in learning are limited. Reading to every citizen is a new civil right. A child should be ready to read and ready to get a clear understanding of what he sees and reads in order to provide him a good early experience. Early language and early pre-learning reading activities contribute to the development of feeling of a child. Absence of this development will stifle learning and understanding sounds, letters, and language. Language in reading is the building block of speech. Likewise, the child’s ability to grasp ideas and sounds has a linkage in learning to read letters. Knowing how to read is important in interactive learning. It affects the heart and soul of a child. A child should have a strong language and a good pre-reading education.  For children to learn to read is a challenge posed to parents and educators. No matter how busy parents are, they should have time left for their children. Parents should develop good relationships with their children at their early stage of learning. Education begins before birth. Thus, the most important word that should be learned and practiced by a child is credibility according to the First Lady of U.S. President Bush, who was once a teacher herself.  High quality teachers are needed in the classroom to guide and teach children to learn. One important aim in reading is to learn to choose, analyze, and read good materials. There are teachers who change a child’s life negatively or positively. Subsequently, teachers should teach a child to be a worthy citizen in thought, in word, and in deed. To make teaching more effective, it should be integrated with subjects like art and music education, character education, and all other subject areas in the school curriculum. Reading is the right key to spiritual, social, intellectual, esthetical, mental, moral, and academic success.  It is hoped that after a thorough understanding of the various conditions leading to reading readiness through study, the reading program will be better handled. References: Griffith, P., et al. (1992). â€Å"Phonemic awareness helps beginning readers break  Ã‚  the code†. The Reading Teacher. Vol. 56, No. 7, pp.517-523: March 1992. Kang, H. (1997). Phonemic awareness: Listening activities to develop  pre-reading skills: USA: Fearon Teachers Aid; Division of Frank Schaffer Publications, Inc. McCormick, S. (1999). Instructing students who have literacy problem. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Simon & Schuster, A Viacom Company. Rasinski, T., & Padak, N. (2000). Effective reading strategies: Teaching children who  find reading difficult. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. NJ. Yopp, H.K. (1992). â€Å"Developing phonemic awareness in young children†. The Reading  Teacher. Vol. 9: May 1992.      

What to Do if Youre Failing a Class in College

What to Do if You're Failing a Class in College Failing a class in college can be a major problem if its not handled in the right way. A failed class can have an impact on your academic record, your progress toward graduation, your financial aid, and even your self-esteem. How you handle the situation once you know youre failing a college course, however, can have a significant influence on what happens after grades get turned in. Ask for Help as Soon as Possible Ask for help as soon as possible once you know you are in danger of failing any class during your time in college. Keep in mind, too, that help can take many different forms. You can ask for assistance from a tutor, your professor, your academic adviser, a learning center on campus, your friends, a teaching assistant, members of your family, or even people in the surrounding community. But no matter where you go, start going somewhere. Reaching out for help just may be the best thing you can do. Learn What Your Options Are Is it too late in the semester or quarter to drop the class? Can you switch to a pass/fail option? Can you withdraw - and if you do so, what is the impact on your transcript or financial aid eligibility (and even health insurance)? Once you realize youre failing a class, your options vary depending on when in the semester or quarter you make that realization. Check with your academic adviser, the registrars office, your professor, and the financial aid office about what you can do in your particular situation. Figure Out the Logistics If you can drop the course, when is the add/drop deadline? By when do you have to get paperwork in - and to whom? Dropping a course at various parts in the semester can have varying effects on your financial aid, too, so check in with the financial aid office about what needs to be done (and by when). Give yourself a little extra time, too, to gather all the signatures and coordinate other logistics for whatever you plan to do. Take Action One of the worst things you can do is to realize you are failing a class and then do nothing. Dont dig yourself in deeper by not going to class anymore and pretending like the problem doesnt exist. That F on your transcript may be seen years later by future employers or graduate schools (even if you think, today, that youll never want to go). Even if youre not sure what to do, talking with someone and taking some action about your situation is a critical step to take. Don't Be Too Hard on Yourself Lets be honest: lots of people fail classes and go on to live perfectly normal, healthy, productive lives. Its really not the end of the world, even if it feels overwhelming at the moment. Failing a class is something that youll handle and move on from, just like everything else. Dont stress too much and do your best to learn something from the situation - even if its how to not let yourself fail a class ever again.

The Boring, Old-Fashioned Way for Online Freelancers to Make More Money

The Boring, Old-Fashioned Way for Online Freelancers to Make More Money In the 21st century, finding freelance writing markets is more complicated than just opening your Writers Market book. A plethora of websites and apps exist online for freelancers, connecting writers to clients who want to buy their content. While many writers make a sizable living from working on sites such as  Fiverr  and  Upwork, others complain about the low rates clients pay. In fact, many gigs on Fiverr only pay five US dollars, oftentimes for extensive projects. Whats a freelancer to do when theyre earning low income on freelancing websites, and want to expand their portfolio and earn more money? Return to the boring Writers Market book. Online media may fetishize blogs and freelance websites as markets for freelance writers, but print magazines and newspapers still sell and still pay. For example,  AARP The Magazine, based in Washington, D.C., has about 35 million readers worldwide. Its not a market for most beginners, but it pays competitively, offering $1/word for original, unpublished content. Approaching magazine and newspaper editors with your Fiverr and Upwork clips is similar to approaching them with print magazine clips. Write a one-page query that succinctly describes your story idea, describes why the idea would be appropriate for the publication youre pitching, and shows your knowledge of the publication. Describe your previous writing experience and education, if you have any. Submit links to any published articles you may have. If you have no links, promise to submit writing samples in a future email. Get permission from your freelancing clients before you use their content as part of your portfolio. After you submit your query, wait. Wait between three weeks and two months. Print media still runs on pre-Internet time, and this discourages many writers used to fast emails and tweets. But the waiting is worth it. Even in 2018, being published in the print edition of a magazine like  The Atlantic as opposed to the online edition will give your writing career added prestige. Within that three weeks to two months period, you should receive a response from the publications editors. Unfortunately, youll receive a rejection most of the time. All writers receive rejection and have setbacks, but successful writers bounce back from rejection, write queries more appropriate to the magazine they want to crack, and re-submit. They keep on doing this until the editor breaks down and gives them an assignment, an opportunity to create an amazing article. Following are seven great print markets for online freelancers looking to make more money and have better quality gigs. These magazines accept a lot of new writers, and they pay at least 10 cents a word. 1. Wellbeing Magazine (Australia) wellbeing.com.au/contribute Pays up to $700AU for feature articles 2. M: Music and Musicians http://mmusicmag.com/m/   Editor: Rick Taylor Rick@Mmusicmag.com Pays up to $450 for feature articles 3. Symphony Magazine americanorchestras.org/symphony-magazine/about-symphony/submission-guidelines.html Pays up to $900 for feature articles 4. Alaska Airlines Magazine alaskaairlinesmagazine.com/contributor/guidelines/ Pays up to $700 for feature articles 5. The War Cry sanationalpublications.org/submission-guidelines/ Pays $0.35 per word for original content, $0.15 for reprints 6. Virginia Wildlife dgif.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/writers-photographers-guidelines.pdf Pays up to $500 per feature article 7. The Contemporary Sportsman integrateddigitalpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/IDP_Editorial_Photography_Guidelines.pdf Pays up to $700 for feature articles

Essentials of Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Essentials of Marketing - Case Study Example Hence the founders of Innocent have ensured that the product speaks for itself about the company and the brand name. Unlike the service sector, Innocent is not customer centric, however the product is developed with the customer expectations in mind and the quality of the product acts as the promotional factor (Jobber, 2004). The denial of Innocent to be exported to countries where it is not possible to transport overnight indicates the importance given to the product specifications. Though the cost of the product is substantially high, the entire cost goes into the product unlike other brands in the same sector that have a huge advertising spend. Currently, Innocent does not have any loyalty programs or other customer centric costs, unlike other companies. The main reason is that Innocent has based its marketing strategy on the product quality and belief that the customers who are satisfied with the product will definitely come back for more (Groonroos, 1994). On the contrary, the s ervice sector stresses on customer loyalty programs in order to build a relationship with the customer. This result in added costs for the company which then goes into the price of the product or service provided (Fisk et al, 2000). Innocent is a product oriented brand and has given due consideration to the tra... However the marketing mix is unique and it has focussed on each of the four P s in varying degrees. Innocent, due to its unique business model, has utilized the 4 Ps, i.e., Product, Promotion, Price and Place to create an integrated marketing mix. The product has been developed after heavy thoughts on market demands and customer expectations. The product has been given the most importance and all the other marketing strategies revolve round the product (Hakansson and Waluszewski, 2005). The company has positioned itself in the market as a high quality smoothies brand. The Price reflects the product quality and the position in the market. Unlike other brands in the sector, Innocent does not add sugar or preservatives, and produces products with higher amounts of fresh fruit pulp. Innocent justifies this high price by indicating that the product is purely natural and that it is similar to home made smoothies. The promotion strategies are aligned with the product and its price, thus emphasizing its position in the market (Evans and Moutinho, 1999). The advertisement spend is very less comparatively, which again reflects that fact that the cost of the smoothies are completely covered by the product and that the company does not charge the customers for the advertising spend (Dobni and Luffman, 2000). The company has grown internationally, but still emphasis is given to the uniqueness of the product. Hence it is exporting strategy is clearly designed to export to countries which can be reached overnight, as the product life is shorter due to the absenc e of preservatives. Thus it is evident that Innocent has cleverly utilized the four Ps in creating an unique integrated

Operations of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations of Management - Essay Example Management also leads to better organization of resources, resulting in higher output and sales. Apparently, the firm will drift and eventually fail and the business cannot succeed without the much-needed management. The basic roles of management involve planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling. Management involves taking risks and requires critical decision-making regarding strategic, tactical or operation matters. Operations Management: Operations management is a branch of management which deals with supervising, designing, and redesigning business operations when producing goods and services. Its main purpose is to be as productive efficient as possible by using as little resources needed for the production of goods and services. It is responsible for being effective in meeting customer requirements. The process of converting inputs into outputs comes under operations management. (Borrington, Stimpson. 2006) Operations management helps to increase the substan ce of value-added activities in any process of the business. But for optimal enterprise performance, a business must co-align these value-adding activities with possible marketing opportunity. It is mainly concerned with the technical functions of a business like the development, production and manufacturing of goods and services. ... It has to decide upon the best marketing mix for each and every product and make sure that this is put into effect. It will keep records of the sales of each product/service so that decisions can be made about extensions strategies or taking products off the market. A business will fail without effective marketing. The marketing managers have an important role in meeting customer requirements. Organization: Unilever. Introduction: Unilever is a giant multinational with its headquarters in London, and operating companies in many countries of the world for example Switzerland, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and India, to name a few. It was first established in 1930 when Lever Brothers of UK and Margarine Unie of Netherlands merged. Since then it is providing consumers with the best of hygiene, personal care and nutrition products all over the world. The Marketing Department: In Unilever most of the decisions are made by the Upper Management and they make decisions regarding the market ing of their products like advertising and promotion. It has such a vast size because of the fact that it is a multinational, that organizing is probably the most critical of all functions of its management. It is important that their employees are motivated and inspired to work efficiently and make sure that all departments are working according to their goals and instructions assigned to them. All the progress has to be evaluated to increase the output and results and overcome any conflicts and problems. The role of marketing managers: The marketing manager of all Unilever companies has to perform many interpersonal roles of which, liaison is the most important. He has to act as a leader and an

Response Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response Journal - Essay Example He jumps to safety and despite losing consciousness due to blood loss, he somehow gets back tom the train safely and to the doctor who takes him to Sherlock’s home. We discover later that the machine was actually a press used in the counterfeiting of coins by the criminals that had tried to end his life. This story is starts off with some rather tempting proposition which gets us thinking is it right for the engineer to accept the job despite the man acting as suspicious as he did? The engineer we can say acted in good faith and also was ethical enough in promising not to talk about the job to anyone. According to the code of ethics for engineers from the National Society of Professional Engineers, section II rules of practice sub section c states that, â€Å"Engineers shall not reveal facts, data, or information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Code.† So he actually acted ethically here. There is the question of how willing was the engineer to be beguiled in his haste to make quick money after his long stay without a client. Was he a bit greedy for the money promised? In part 8 of Doyle’s ‘The Adventure of The Engineers Thumb’ the engineer actually points out â€Å""I thought of the fifty guineas, and of how very useful they would be to me. He then proceeds to tell the man ‘Not at all, I shall be very happy to accommodate myself to your wishes.† This makes him easy to cheat and use for the crooks. The very first questions asked by the thin man should have put the engineer on guard as they are very telling in themselves. He enquires if the engineer is an orphan and if he has no wife or dependants. This already shows the thin man planned to kill him after his work as his disappearance would be easy to cover having no one to look for him. This should have been telling questions or was the engineer too concerned with

Cultural context of the play Essay Example for Free

Cultural context of the play Essay How does Miller use the character of Alfieri to involve the audience and illustrate the cultural context of the play? Alfieri is used in a multitude of ways by Miller to help the play at various stages. He is a character in the play, which other characters interact with, however, he is displaced somewhat because he comments on the goings on of the play, expands on what has happened to make it clearer to the audience, links scenes together and to a certain extent takes the role of a narrator. The character of Alfieri as a lawyer is wisely chosen. Lawyers at that time were seen as a sign of bad luck as with priests, because they were symbols of the law and law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten. This shows that Alfieri does not always bring good news and often brings about the things that people do not want to hear, like when Eddie goes to him and asks what he can do to get rid of Marco and Alfieri tells him that there is nothing he can do. The majority of characters in this play are immigrants who have tried to make a living by living in America so at one point or another they would have wanted to avoid the law. Alfieri being a lawyer also shows us how he is above the other immigrants as they are still uneducated, living lives of hard labour using colloquiums such as yiz which indicates a lack of control or status. However, Alfieri is educated and now has status. The language he uses is so much more formal than that of Beatrice or Eddie. Although Alfieri have status he may not have real respect, just the grudging respect for his status. Others do not see him as one of them , see how uneasily they nod to me. Realistically, Alfieri is the only one of them who has achieved the American Dream, worked his way form poverty to having a good life. Arthur Miller himself was the son of an immigrant and he supported himself through college by working on the docks, so he knew where to come from when writing about the hardships and unreliability of living a life like Eddies. In the area and time that the play is set, the rules of community, the code of honour, is more important than the state laws. Disobeying these unwritten laws and betraying the community could result in ostracization. As with Romeo and Juliet this play features people breaking the family laws, then being suitably punished for it. The issues in this play are ones that have been studied before and will be used again due to the fact that they are still relevant. You will always have people that want to do something that is not against the law but going against traditions in their communities and will often cause them a worse fate then if they were breaking a state law. People can relate to disobeying these community rules. Alfieris prologue introduces the play. He sets the scene and tells us a bit about the history and culture of where the play is set, where men where justly shot by unjust men. He also says in his epilogue that people now settle for half we are quite civilized, quite American. With statements like that you can tell that uncivilized things are going to happen. The opposite of how people are now will come out, the real them. Alfieri also tells us that what we are about to see is not just an ordinary one of his cases, and not simply the petty troubles of the poor. Not only in Alfieris prologue does he give us hints to what will happen in the play. Ina act one when Eddie goes to Alfieri and asks what he can do to get Rodolpho out, Alfieri says that Eddie must let go of Catherine and let her live her own life because after all -what other way can it end? he is almost predicting that if Eddies protective behaviour continues then it shall end in a bad way. The epilogue, also delivered by Alfieri helps us to understand things better as well. After all the commotion and high emotions of Eddies death, Alfieri is there, calm and collected as ever and gives us enough of an explanation to get us thinking, but also one that lets us make our own minds up. It offers a sense of rounding off. Alfieri reminds us f why we first liked Eddie, and talks of what a good character he was and how we will all like him far more than Alfieris sensible clients. Eddie died because he did what he wanted to and Alfieri can see the strength in this action, however, believes it is better to settle for half in order to survive and for there to be peace. Once again, as in the prologue Alfieri is at ease with us the audience. He is relaxed and allowing himself to be honest, to say what he really thinks. Alfieri comments are almost like what you would do to yourself in your head when analyzing or thinking something over. He is going through his thoughts in an almost soliloquy type way. When I went to see the play A View form a Bridge in the Questors theatre in Ealing the role of Alfieri was show to just as much the boob that he was in the svincter . if your happy and you know it clap your hands (clap clap) alice the camel had 95 humps. ride alice ride du du dum cheesh. Im but a little bit bit bit bit show but a little bit bit bit shame but a little bit bit bit , bit bit bit. Peters pepper picked another pickle bearing pussy pepper raaah!!! Vivadixiesubmarine transmitionplot I think that Alfieri is a very good character to have in the play as he manages to fill in all the gaps where extra explanation is needed, such as after scenes. He also acts as an unofficial scene changer, and marks when time has passed or the setting is different. As well as all of this he also points people in the direction of doing things. If it was not for him telling Eddie that the only way he could get rid of Rodolpho was to phone immigration then he would not of thought of it.

Environmental Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay

Environmental Management Systems In The Genting Group Environmental Sciences Essay Start from the beginning, the Genting Group gained their greatest reputation and achievement through providing a clean, comfortable, natural environment for every customer who visit their premises/property and they all loving it. Its main of the image and icon for everyone when they heard the name of Genting. Therefore, a constant improvement is important to ensure the good name is always inherited from time to time. The Details of the Environmental Management System As a responsible group, The Genting Group holds certain keys of interest. One of the ethical responsibilities is Environment Sustainability. A program named Environmental Management System is implemented, a four core area of interest Conservation of natural resources, Waste management, Prevention of pollution and Use of renewable energy. Conservation of natural resources- The Genting Group hires professional consultant to conduct energy audit to measure cost-energy efficiency on premises, implementing energy saving instrument and conducting Energy Conservation Awareness Seminars to employees from Engineering Department. In year 2009, the company planted a heat recovery system. An air pre-heater is installed and fixed orifice steam traps are used to reduce steam loss. Flow restrictors and effective water volume reduction program too implemented to reduce water wastage. The group has joined in Earth Hour program in year 2009 as a support, awareness in environment conservation and reduction on carbon emission. The installation of sensors on escalators and air-conditioning system helps to reduce power consumption especially on the off-peak season time. Waste Management- The Group referred 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Concept and Environmental Quality Act 1974 to run the waste management. In 3R, Reduce is done by replacing energy-efficient equipment on buildings to reduce energy wastage and by-product wastage. The used, wasted, error-printed paper is reuse to maximize the utility and fulfill the Reuse of 3R. Separation of waste according to their material type by preparation of categories recycle bin helps recycle and the vermin-composting practice of turning food waste into organic fertilizer meets Recycle criteria. The other waste treatment such as excreta disposal is delivered to treatment plan for biodegrading before release it into the river so that the water source is not contaminated. Prevention of pollution- In order to reduce/prevent pollution on air, water and land, the management has implemented several solutions such as conduct Yearly Sanitary Survey on water supply system, replacing diesel powered water pump to electrical powered water pump, replace conventional detergent to biodegradable type detergent in daily cleansing routine to reduce and prevent water contamination. On land pollution issue, recycling the reusable item so that lesser waste is dispose at landfill site. Using biodegradable type item like biodegradable plastic bags and No Plastic Day campaign conducted to promote pollution prevention. About the air pollution prevention, installation of smoke density detector and flue gas analysis for boilers, generator sets and incinerators were conduct from time to time according to the Environment Quality Act. The Occupational, Safety and Health Section started Mentoring Program to ensure that the material use in all premises (Awana Genting Highlands, Awana Langkawi, and Awana Kijal) is complied with Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), Regulation and Occupational Safety and Heath (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation and ISO 14001. Use of renewal energy- Although the group has not yet fully-deploy any renewal energy source, they have the strategic location for generating electricity by deploying solar panel and wind electric generator at the Hillside of Genting Highlands and other Gentings Premises. Plus, the National Objective Strategies from Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia leads the Genting Group looking ways from converting conventional electric supply to renewable energy as substitution in long-term plan. By using the renewable energy source, the lesser diesel fuel was burned to generate electricity. Hence, the carbon emission from diesel burning and green house effect is reduced. The Genting group realized that using renewal energy source not just simply reduce air, noise and water pollution but helps in reduction on operation cost, a win-win situation for both environment and cost-effectiveness. Financial forecasting of Environmental Management System At year 2009, the Genting Group has spent RM23.5 million on the Properties, Plant and Equipment (PPE) improvement under Environmental Management System. These included Freehold Building improvements, Plant, Equipment and Vehicles. Advantages of Environmental Management System Though EMS, the negative effects of the business operation such as waste production, emission from fossil fuel burning, air-water-soil pollution can be minimize effectively. Lesser energy requirement from the buildings proves energy saving, less heat production and helps to reduce green house effect. The production of organic fertilizer too helps to reduce maintenance cost and protects the soil from chemical contamination. Disadvantages of Environmental Management System The expenses for implementing EMS at the early stage are very huge and the investors wont able to benefit in short-term period. For example, the infrastructure for developing renewal energy plan is very expensive, especially the Solar Panel. Time and management stress too is unavoidable and error might frequently occur. More and more professional talents were needed to enhance and bring the company to the front-line of innovation. However, hiring these professionals require a huge budget. External Program- Contribution to the Betterment of the Society The importance of contribution to the betterment of the society Genting group is always interested to make an effort in creating a healthier, happier society which already highlighted in their philosophy. This is because of a good, healthy society comes from good people and the achievement that Genting has closely related to the local communities. From people to people, the Genting group does making contribution all the time to the locals as a return. Therefore, the group has working on several projects and activities to refine it. The Details of contribution to society and charity events Local Communities- the Genting group has put concentration on helping local communities to improve quality of living, they work with several charity group such as Womens Aid Organization, Malaysian Pediatrics Foundation, Alzheimer Disease Foundation, Hospis Malaysia, Malaysian Liver Foundation, Gujerati Association, Tunku Azizah Fertility Foundation, St. John Ambulance and Red Cross Society. Also, the Genting group joined with the Ministry of Transport Malaysia, Ministry of Education Malaysia, Road Safety Department and Road Safety Marshal Club to conduct a safety campaign to teach the youngsters about the importance of safety awareness. These included 4.5K primary school students of Malaysia attended, educated about road safety practices and all of them were gifted with a SIRIM-approved safety helmet. One of the Gentings agencies, the Awana Langkawi organized a public health check for local communities on Health Day and safety talk on Safety and Career Week. On the other side, at Malaysia the group established GENM We Care Team, Awana We Care Team, Awana Kijal We Care Team and Awana Porto Malai We Care Team to encourage all of the employees join community service. These included conduct cleaning, food supply, provide repairing and maintenance service for the charity groups like Badan Amal Nur Zaharah, Selangor Family Aid Association, Ampang Old Folks Home, Pusat Kebajikan Serendah . At England, the Genting Group is helping the communities by providing education on responsible gambling; do research on prevention and treatment of gambling problem. The Genting group has raised a fund in order to support the Great or Gambling Research, Education and Treatment Foundation; they too help the national charities to do fund raising activities. OKU (Disability Group) the unfortunates the Genting group too cares about the disabled people, especially those who are underprivileged, hidden under the eyes of the society. In Malaysia, with the volunteering support from employees, the guests and The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf at Wisma Genting, the Wisma Genting Charity Week was conducted. The entire collected fund donated to the four charity organizations: The United Voice, The Cheshire Home Selangor, The Hope Worldwide and The Harvest Centre. On the other hand, the group has hosted festival themed charity party on festive season such as fairytale Christmas Party for unfortunate children and elder citizens and two Hollywood Blockbuster movies were screened for the children as well. All the collection was handled to the 67units welfare homes and non-organizations. In Singapore, the Genting group works with the local charity groups to raise fund for the under-privileged children. These charity groups are included ST School Pocket Money Fund, Mendaki, Sinda and CDAC. Education Sports- Educational Sports are always play important role in shaping a good society. Therefore, Genting group has donated about half a million ringgit to Malaysian Institute of Management on built a modern, advance and sophisticated library or Genting Resource Centre. At sports, the group has sponsored certain sports event like Le Tour De Langkawi, King of Mountain (KOM), Junior Development Program of Selangor Tennis Association, sponsorship to Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) which won the FAA Suzuki Cup recently and the Pahang Hockey Association. Culture Art- the Genting group collaborate with the Ministry of Information, Communication and Culture of Malaysia to promote Cuti-Cuti Malaysia, the local tourism, local culture and arts like Orkestra Simfoni Remaja or Youth Symphony Orchestra to let the youngsters have a platform to perform and brighten their talent. Youth Symphony Orchestra is a sub-program under a program named Pusat Muzik Budaya or Centre of Cultural Music. Also, the group has organized World Championship of Arts Performing at Time Square, First World Plaza, Merdeka Stage and Outdoor Theme Park of Genting in year 2009. With collaboration from The Strait Times (Singapore) and The Business Times (Singapore), the group hosted their very first event, Child Aid at the Festive Grand Theatre of Genting. They had successfully collected more than a million S$ to help the poor and unfortunates. Financial Forecasting/achievement of the Genting Groups Contribution So far, the Genting Group has sponsored about RM500K on education facility, the Genting Resource Center. About the disability group, the Genting Group too has contributed at least RM360K to the underprivileged and disabled people (OKU). The festive event, ChildAid has collected more than a million S$ to help the poor, unlucky children. In year 2009, S$30,000 fund has risen for the ST School Pocket Money Fund and S$20,000 fund raiser for Singapore Red Cross Society. The Coffee Bean Tea Leaf too joined in donate RM1 for each beverage they sold at the outlet during Wisma Genting Charity Week. The Advantages of Contribution to the Betterment of the Society Though contribution and charity for society, the Genting group is not simply a profit-gaining entity but group that able to show their caring and responsibility for the society. The group acts as a role model of the social-caring entrepreneur in the business world. More and more customers willing to spare their fortune at the Genting Berhad as they knew that part of the money they spend benefits the society. The Disadvantages of Contribution to the Betterment of the Society So far contribution to the betterment of the society is always a good intention. However, these acts may not agree and acceptable by some investors. On their opinion, charity works is regarded as a non-profit, non-benefit action especially in the capitalist-economy. They might withdraw their investment and plant it to other company.

Intelligent Design of the Universe Essay -- Religion Science Creationi

Intelligent Design of the Universe The search for knowledge about the origin of humanity is as old as its inhabitants. Since the early 1800's mankind has narrowed the debate to creation by a Supreme Being and the theory of evolution. Ever since then, science has been at odds against religion. Now it appears that science is returning to religion. Scientists are finding proof that the universe was created by a Supreme Being. The word evolution refers to the change of something over a period of time(Webster's 634). In biology, the theory of evolution is "the complex of processes by which living organisms originated on earth and have been diversified and modified through sustained changes in form and function"(Valentine). This theory proposes that between 4 million and 10 million years ago, all organisms on earth had a common ancestor and that through a process of evolution, all living organisms descended from this common ancestor(Coyne). Chevalier de Lamarck, a French naturalist proposed a theory of evolution in 1809. His idea did not get much scientific consideration until Charles R. Darwin announced his theory of evolution(Coyne). Darwin published "his most famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection"(Valentine) in 1859. Darwin stated that offspring resemble their parents, yet they are not exactly identical to them. He also noted that some of these differences were not effects of their environment, but actually were passed down from parents to children(Valentine). Darwin is the most well known scientist to write on evolution. There are many different variations on the theory of evolution. Darwin states that natural selection is the main reason for the evolution of life. The fight for food, water and other necessities benefits those creatures who are well adapted for the struggle. Those that cannot survive, die with no offspring to continue their genetic line. Natural selection is also called survival of the fittest. Another related idea to evolution is gradualism. "Gradualism is the idea that evolutionary changes do not occur suddenly but over large amounts of time, ranging from decades to millions of years"(Coyne). Genetic drift is another way that scientists define evolution. When two of a species mate, their offspring gets 23 chromosomes from both parents. When a gene does not split and combine correctly, a mutation oc... ... of God." National Review May 6,1996:28-32. Limbaugh, Rush. The Way Things Ought to Be. New York:Pocket Books, 1992. Miller, Kenneth R. "Life's Grand Design." Technology Review. Feb./March 1994:24-32 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Life Science. Article 59 Sagan, Carl. "Snowflakes Fallen on the Hearth: The Evolution of the Earth." Planetary Report. Jan./Feb. 1993:4-9 CD-ROM. 1996 SIRS. SIRS 1994 Earth Science. Article 53 Schneider, E.D, Kay, J.J. "Life as a Manifestation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 1994: 25-48. Suits, Conrad. "The Role of the Horsesin 'A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms.'" Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 116-125 Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. New York:Penguin,1960. Valentine, James W. "Evolution." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Vawter, Rev. Bruce. "Creation." Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corp:1994 Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary. Second Edition. 1983 Williams, Kathleen. "Animal Rationis Capax." Modern Critical Interpretations, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York:Chelsea. 37-82

Family System Theory Essay

Human Beings depend on each other to survive and thrive. Whether in family group, business or organizational networks, relationships have the potential to be the resources for accomplishing important goal. Our interactive process can become a hindrance or a source of a productive action. Families are considered systems because they are made up of interrelated elements or objectives, they exhibit coherent behaviours, they have regular interactions and they are interdependent on each other. This is apparent in the relationship between flowers and bees, where bees use the flowers as a source of food, and the flowers depend on the inter-flower traffic that the bees provide to spread their pollen and insure healthy genetic diversity within the flower community. These two species are interconnected and cannot be understood in isolation. If the bees become damaged, the flowers suffer, and vice versa. When any part of such a network is altered or damaged, it affects all the other parts of that network, for all are interconnected (Dombeck & Wells, 2006). The Family Systems insight is that what is true about flowers and bees is also true of human relationships. People live in families and social groupings, and depend upon one another for the means that insure their mutual survival, including (as Maslow has taught us) food clothing and shelter, but also safety, belonging and social support. Family members are interconnected: Every person within a family has a role to play within the life of the family as a whole. Alteration or damage to one family member affects the entire family, for all are interconnected. A change in one persons functioning can be followed by reciprocal changes in the functioning of others in the family. Family systems theory views the family as an emotional unit that implies a deep, multi-generational connection between family members that significantly influences behaviors of its members outside of their conscious awareness. Family Systems theory or Bowen theory is based on three main assumptions: clients problematic behavior may serve a function or purpose for the family clients problematic behavior may be a function of the families inability to operate productively the maladaptive behavior may be a symptom of dysfunctional patterns handed from generations I find the family systems theory to be the most practical and effective approach towards making positive changes within the family unit. Unlike other theories, Family Systems theory focuses on the entire family unit instead of a particular individual, family structure , a developmental stage, crisis or a behavior causing the dysfunction in the family. The theory provides a holistic and a realistic view of the problem and how best it can be treated by assisting the family members in realizing the problem and using the family as its own resource to solve the problem. Research has shown that incorporating Family System theory into therapeutic practice can enhance the recovery of the client and the family as a whole.

Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping

Gender Stereotyping in Children’s Literature In order to complete this assignment, four children’s books were chosen and read. Snow White and Sleeping Beauty were chosen to represent traditional children’s literature with The Prince of Egypt and Pocahontas representing contemporary children’s literature. The stories of Snow White and Sleeping Beauty have very similar plots. In both stories, the main character, an attractive young female, encounters a dilemma and must wait for the strapping prince charming to arrive and undo the damage. In Snow White, she is awoken from an evil spell by a kiss from price charming. In Sleeping Beauty, her male companion, Price Phillip, must also awake her from a deep sleep. Both of these stories show a female in distress with her only hope of success coming from a male. These classic stories contribute to the classic stereotyping of females being dependent on males. Not only do they lack reality, but also they do not provide adequate role models for young girls. The se two stories are examples of perfect fairytales where the male rescues the female and then they live happily ever after. Aside from the fairytale element, these stories are lacking in other departments as well. For example, the character Snow White is made to do traditionally female jobs such as cleaning, sewing and cooking by her evil stepmother. Snow White decides to escape from her stepmother and opts for living with seven little men. She performs all of the domestic chores for the men while all seven of them work outside of the house. This furthers the idea that women are meant to serve men and work within the house. In the story of Sleeping Beauty, Aurora is a beautiful princess that must be hidden away in the forest to protect her from a wicked spell. The spell says that she will prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die before her sixteenth birthday. Princess Aurora returns to the castle on her birthd... Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping Free Essays on Gender Stereotyping Gender Stereotyping in Children’s Literature In order to complete this assignment, four children’s books were chosen and read. Snow White and Sleeping Beauty were chosen to represent traditional children’s literature with The Prince of Egypt and Pocahontas representing contemporary children’s literature. The stories of Snow White and Sleeping Beauty have very similar plots. In both stories, the main character, an attractive young female, encounters a dilemma and must wait for the strapping prince charming to arrive and undo the damage. In Snow White, she is awoken from an evil spell by a kiss from price charming. In Sleeping Beauty, her male companion, Price Phillip, must also awake her from a deep sleep. Both of these stories show a female in distress with her only hope of success coming from a male. These classic stories contribute to the classic stereotyping of females being dependent on males. Not only do they lack reality, but also they do not provide adequate role models for young girls. The se two stories are examples of perfect fairytales where the male rescues the female and then they live happily ever after. Aside from the fairytale element, these stories are lacking in other departments as well. For example, the character Snow White is made to do traditionally female jobs such as cleaning, sewing and cooking by her evil stepmother. Snow White decides to escape from her stepmother and opts for living with seven little men. She performs all of the domestic chores for the men while all seven of them work outside of the house. This furthers the idea that women are meant to serve men and work within the house. In the story of Sleeping Beauty, Aurora is a beautiful princess that must be hidden away in the forest to protect her from a wicked spell. The spell says that she will prick her finger on a spinning wheel and die before her sixteenth birthday. Princess Aurora returns to the castle on her birthd...